When Croatia declared its independence again in 1991, Split had a large garrison of JNA troops (drafted from all over Yugoslavia), as well as the headquarters and facilities of the Yugoslav War Navy (JRM). This led to a tense months-long stand-off between the JNA and Croatian National Guard and police forces, occasionally flaring up in various incidents. The most tragic such incident occurred on 15 November 1991, when the JRM light frigate Split fired a small number of shells at the city and its surroundings. The damage was insignificant but there were a few casualties. Three general locations were bombarded: the old city center, the city airport and an uninhabited part of the hills above Kaštela, between the airport and Split. JRM Sailors who had refused to attack Croat civilians, most of them Croats themselves, were left in the vessel's brig. The JNA and JRM evacuated all of its facilities in Split during January 1992. The 1990s economic recession soon followed.
In the years following 2000, Split finally gained momentum and started to develop again, with a focus on tourism. From being just a transition centre, Split is now a major Croatian tourist destination. Many new hotels are being built, as well as new apartment and office buildings. Many large development projects are revived, and new infrastructure is being built. An example of the latest large city projects is the Spaladium Arena, built in 2009.
Geography[edit]
Split is situated on a peninsula between the eastern part of the Gulf of Kaštela and the Split Channel. The Marjan hill (178 m), rises in the western part of the peninsula. The ridges Kozjak (779 m) and its brother Mosor (1339 m) protect the city from the north and northeast, and separate it from the hinterland.
Climate[edit]
Split has a borderline humid subtropical (Cfa) and Mediterranean climate (Csa) in the Köppen climate classification, since only one summer month has less than 40 millimetres (1.6 in) of rainfall, preventing it from being classified as solely humid subtropical or Mediterranean. It has hot, moderately dry summers and mild, wet winters (however, winters can sometimes feel cold, because of the north wind Bura and its windchill factor - for example, if the air temperature is 5 °C (41 °F) and strong bura is blowing, it feels like -10 °C (14 °F). Average annualrainfall is more than 820 mm (32.28 in). July is the hottest month, with an average high temperature around 30 °C (86 °F). January is the coldest month, with an average low temperature around 5 °C (41 °F). November is the wettest month, with a precipitation total of nearly 113 mm (4.45 in) and 12 rainy days. July is the driest month, with a precipitation total of around 26 mm (1.02 in). Winter is the wettest season; however, it can rain in Split at any time of the year. Snow is usually rare; since record-keeping began the months of December and January have accrued 1 snowy day on average, while February has averaged 2. In February 2012, Split received unusually large amount of snow which caused major problems with traffic. Split receives more than 2,600 sunshine hours annually.
| [hide]Climate data for Split (Marjan Hill, 1948 – 2015) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) | 22.3 (72.1) | 23.2 (73.8) | 27.7 (81.9) | 33.2 (91.8) | 38.1 (100.6) | 38.6 (101.5) | 38.5 (101.3) | 34.2 (93.6) | 27.9 (82.2) | 25.8 (78.4) | 18.6 (65.5) | 38.6 (101.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) | 11.0 (51.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 17.4 (63.3) | 22.5 (72.5) | 26.7 (80.1) | 30.7 (87.3) | 30 (86) | 25.1 (77.2) | 20.0 (68) | 14.9 (58.8) | 11.5 (52.7) | 19.48 (67.08) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) | 8.3 (46.9) | 10.7 (51.3) | 14.3 (57.7) | 19.1 (66.4) | 23.1 (73.6) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.8 (78.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 17.1 (62.8) | 12.6 (54.7) | 9.2 (48.6) | 16.32 (61.38) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) | 5.5 (41.9) | 7.6 (45.7) | 10.8 (51.4) | 15.2 (59.4) | 18.8 (65.8) | 21.6 (70.9) | 21.5 (70.7) | 18.1 (64.6) | 14.1 (57.4) | 9.9 (49.8) | 6.0 (42.8) | 12.88 (55.17) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.0 (15.8) | −8.1 (17.4) | −6.6 (20.1) | 0.3 (32.5) | 4.8 (40.6) | 9.1 (48.4) | 13.0 (55.4) | 11.2 (52.2) | 8.8 (47.8) | 3.8 (38.8) | −4.5 (23.9) | −6.3 (20.7) | −9.0 (15.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 78.7 (3.098) | 65.1 (2.563) | 63.6 (2.504) | 63.7 (2.508) | 56.0 (2.205) | 52.1 (2.051) | 28.4 (1.118) | 40.3 (1.587) | 71.9 (2.831) | 77.7 (3.059) | 113.7 (4.476) | 104.4 (4.11) | 815.6 (32.11) |
| Average rainy days | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 110 |
| Average snowy days | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 130.0 | 145.6 | 186.6 | 216.8 | 272.4 | 307.1 | 351.2 | 327.6 | 246.8 | 196.7 | 129.7 | 119.1 | 2,629.6 |
| Source #1: National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (Croatia) [45] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: World Weather Information Service [46] | |||||||||||||
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12.0 °C (53.6 °F) | 11.5 °C (52.7 °F) | 11.9 °C (53.4 °F) | 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) | 17.3 °C (63.1 °F) | 21.1 °C (70.0 °F) | 23.2 °C (73.8 °F) | 23.6 °C (74.5 °F) | 21.7 °C (71.1 °F) | 19.3 °C (66.7 °F) | 16.4 °C (61.5 °F) | 13.7 °C (56.7 °F) | 17.1 °C (62.8 °F) |
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